As a traveler, I believe it’s not the size of a country or island that determines how much fun a tourist will have, but rather what there is to do, to see, and what makes the visit worthwhile.

Sri Lanka may appear to be a very small island, but it has much to offer a curious traveler. This island nation, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and stunning landscapes, presents a captivating blend of ancient traditions and modern vibrancy. I visited Sri Lanka while attending a multidisciplinary research conference in Colombo. During that trip, I sought to understand why such a tiny island sparked conflicts among the Dutch, English, and Indians. Welcome to the teardrop of India: Sri Lanka.

After the conference in Colombo—the capital of Sri Lanka—I explored four key destinations: Colombo, Kandy, Hindu temples, and Sigiriya. These are must-visit places that reflect the island’s beauty, spirituality, and cultural significance.

Colombo: the gateway to Sri Lanka

Colombo, the bustling capital, is where most travelers begin their journey through Sri Lanka. A place where modern life meets historical charm, the city’s skyline is dotted with colonial-era buildings, lively markets, and vibrant street scenes. Its cultural diversity—home to Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, and Christian communities—is reflected in the many places of worship across the city. It’s no surprise our conference was held in Colombo, as the international airport is located there. I stayed at a hotel in the city center for the three-day event, and it was easy to take walks to get fresh air from the Indian Ocean.

Highlights of my city tour included Gangaramaya Temple, one of Colombo’s most important Buddhist temples, known for its eclectic architecture and peaceful atmosphere. Together with the conference delegates, we visited the temple and offered prayers. You must remove your shoes before entering. For history lovers, the National Museum of Colombo offers a journey through Sri Lanka’s ancient past, while the Pettah Market is a lively trading hub where travelers can experience the local rhythm of daily life. As Sri Lanka’s commercial and financial hub, Colombo offers modern infrastructure, luxury hotels, and fine dining that sharply contrast with its historic landmarks. If you’re looking to buy cinnamon, tea, or gemstones, this is one of the best places to visit.

Colombo’s streets are adorned with street art, mostly created by local artists, reminding me of Kazakhstan—where similar artistic expressions are cherished. I also walked along the coastline, facing the vast Indian Ocean, reflecting on the resilience of Sri Lankans during the country’s greatest tragedies. The locals were friendly and open to conversation, even if some spoke limited English or spoke rapidly in their local dialects. Along the shore, there’s a large open space where people stroll, fly kites, and relax. Even on weekdays, couples and families were out enjoying picnics. The powerful waves of the ocean offer a different perspective—an invitation to reflect on the global challenges posed by climate change.

Kandy: the cultural capital

After the conference, I took an old train to Kandy, often called the cultural capital of Sri Lanka. The six-hour ride passed through towns surrounded by tea plantations and showcased breathtaking landscapes. Nestled in the central highlands, Kandy is home to the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, a UNESCO World Heritage site that holds one of Buddhism’s most revered relics—the Buddha’s tooth. The temple complex, situated beside the tranquil Kandy Lake, is a place of deep spiritual significance. While walking through the city, I saw many monks and spiritual teachers. To enter the temple, I wore modest clothing and covered my head with a shawl, in respect for the sacred space. Buddhism in Sri Lanka is deeply observed, and families may even offer food to visitors.

To make an offering, I bought a lotus flower for the Buddha. I was surprised by the appearance of some Buddhist priests, who had painted faces—a small culture shock for me. Kandy is also famous for the vibrant Esala Perahera, a grand procession featuring elaborately adorned elephants, traditional dancers, drummers, and torchbearers, celebrating the Sacred Tooth Relic. Beyond its religious importance, the city offers peaceful natural retreats like the Royal Botanical Gardens, where I saw a wide variety of herbal plants, including coca—which I hadn’t realized was considered an herb.

Hindu Temples: a glimpse into spiritual diversity

Sri Lanka’s Hindu temples reflect its religious and cultural diversity. Although Hinduism is primarily practiced by the Tamil community in the north and east, striking temples can be found across the island. As someone from a strong Catholic background, I had many questions about Buddhist and Hindu practices. In Sri Lanka, I saw how firmly rooted these traditions are, and it made me wonder why Buddhism hasn’t taken root in my own country.

In Colombo, the Sri Kailawasanathan Swami Devasthanam Temple is one of the oldest and most notable Hindu temples. Its vibrant exterior, adorned with intricate sculptures of Hindu deities, draws many visitors. To enter, proper attire is required—covering the head and not revealing the body. In Kandy, the Nallur Kandaswamy Temple—with its towering gopuram (gateway)—stands as a cultural and spiritual symbol for the Tamil community. It plays a central role during the Nallur Festival, a celebration filled with grand processions and sacred rituals.

The deep connection between the people and their deities is evident in Sri Lanka’s Hindu temples. These are not only places of worship but also architectural treasures. I offered a water lily to the Buddha in one temple and found myself unexpectedly moved. Entering these temples prompted deep reflection and personal questioning about my own beliefs and lifestyle.

The ancient rock fortress

Sigiriya, or Lion Rock, is one of Sri Lanka’s most iconic landmarks—a towering rock fortress nearly 200 meters tall. Built in the 5th century by King Kasyapa, this UNESCO World Heritage site is an impressive feat of ancient architecture and engineering.

Climbing Sigiriya is physically demanding, as it involves navigating steep stone steps. I was accompanied by a male guide who helped me reach the summit. Despite the difficulty, the view from the top—and the majestic lion-shaped rock formation—made it all worthwhile. The sense of calm and wonder at the summit is unforgettable.

At the entrance, visitors are welcomed by massive lion paws carved into the rock. The climb also features the Sigiriya Frescoes, vivid paintings of celestial maidens, and the Mirror Wall, polished to a reflective sheen and inscribed with centuries-old graffiti.

At the summit, the ruins of the royal palace overlook sweeping views of the surrounding jungle. The Sigiriya Gardens, with their terraced layout and advanced irrigation systems, highlight the sophistication of ancient Sri Lankan civilization.

Final thoughts

From the urban energy of Colombo to the spiritual depth of Kandy, the sacred ambiance of Hindu temples, and the ancient marvel of Sigiriya, each destination offers a glimpse into the soul of Sri Lanka. These places reveal different dimensions of the island’s cultural richness and natural beauty. Whether drawn by its historical landmarks, spiritual spaces, or breathtaking scenery, visitors to Sri Lanka are sure to embark on a journey both unforgettable and transformative.